A quantitative digest of the ESP-Nexus structured study database for Macro-PK & Dice: 12 studies spanning 1955–2023, with every figure traceable to its source. ESP-Nexus reports what the studies found and takes no position on whether the effects are genuine.
The largest pooled estimate in this body of work comes from Radin's 1991 meta-analysis of 148 studies, which returned an effect size of 0.0122 (expressed as z over square-root-n), small in magnitude but drawn from a sizable trial base. Individual studies span a wide range of outcomes: Forwald produced a z of 5.17, Thompson reported p = .50 × 10−04, McConnell reported approximately 1 in 500 (~.002), Puthoff p = 0.004, and Dunne p = .017, all nominally significant. Wahbeh (2018) returned z = 2.25 and Rock (2015) a hit rate of 0.8.
Against these, Wilson (2010) yielded p = .559, offering no evidence of an effect, and Auerbach (2023) produced a Pearson r of -0.397, a below-chance result. Direction of effects therefore disagrees across studies, and the range from strongly positive to null to negative signals meaningful heterogeneity. No consistent moderator has been identified in this sample to explain that variability, leaving the evidence base genuinely unsettled.
Pooled meta-analytic effects
- Radin (1991), Journal of Scientific Exploration: ES 0.0122 (z_over_sqrt_n) (k = 148)
The evidence
| Paper | Reported finding | Effect / significance | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Auerbach et al. (2023), Journal of Parapsychology [source] | Temporal decline in daily disturbance counts over time. | ES -0.397, p = .001 | N = 295 |
| Wahbeh et al. (2018), Journal of the Society for Psychical Research | Composite QNG: channeling vs. | z = 2.25, p = .024 | N = 1133 |
| Gimeno et al. (2017), Journal of Scientific Exploration | Scale-based PK discrimination — 23 meetings. | — | N = 23 |
| Rock et al. (2015), Journal of Scientific Exploration | Gimeno: Red Lights Sitter-Group Sessions. | hit rate 0.8 | N = 15 |
| Wilson et al. (2010), Journal of Scientific Exploration | Overall pooled field RNG across 14 sessions. | p = .559 | k = 14 events/tests |
| Vilenskaya et al. (1993), Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine Journal | Speransky – operator distant effect on poisoned mice. | — | 1 studies; N = 24 |
| Dunne et al. (1992), Journal of Scientific Exploration | Remote Random Mechanical Cascade, right-left split. | p = .017 | k = 26 events/tests; N = 10 |
| Radin et al. (1991), Journal of Scientific Exploration | Full database – experimental studies. | ES 0.0122, z = 18.2 | 148 studies; N = 2592817 |
| Thompson (1991), Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine Journal | Bin mean v4 RT-LT difference – original anomaly. | p = 5 × 10−5 | N = 1131 |
| Puthoff et al. (1975) | Superconducting differential gradiometer – activity/no-activity correlation. | p = .004 | k = 13 events/tests; N = 130 |
| McConnell (1955) | Decline / quadrant effect — within-page score decline. | p = .1 | N = 170000 |
| Forwald (1955) | Two-area placement system – Total. | z = 5.17 | N = 71500 |
What is unsettled
- Reported directions disagree across studies (some positive, some null or below-chance).
- 1 result(s) report a null or below-chance (negative) effect.
Source: ESP-Nexus structured study database, 12 studies. 12 born-digital figures; OCR-derived figures awaiting source-verification are excluded from this digest. Effect sizes are shown only where a standardized metric is recorded.