Rosemarie Pilkington Sources:

Book: The Spirit of Dr. Bindelof: The Enigma of Séance Phenomena

Published in 2006 by Anomalist Books, The Spirit of Dr. Bindelof is Rosemarie Pilkington’s most sustained historical and analytical work, a three-part investigation that moves from a remarkable 1930s teenage séance group in New York, through a survey of the great physical mediums of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and into twentieth-century psychokinesis research. The book occupies a distinctive niche in parapsychological literature: it is neither a laboratory report nor a purely anecdotal account, but a carefully sourced historical reconstruction that takes physical phenomena seriously while acknowledging the persistent problem of fraud.

Key findings

  • The book reconstructs the 1930s Bindelof séance group centered on Gilbert Roller and a circle of teenage experimenters in New York, presenting it as a case study in spontaneous physical phenomena produced under informal but documented conditions.1
  • Part Two surveys the major physical mediums of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including D. D. Home, Sir William Crookes’s investigations, Eusapia Palladino, and the Icelandic medium Indridi Indridason, situating the Bindelof case within a broader historical tradition.1
  • Part Three extends the analysis into twentieth-century laboratory and field research on psychokinesis, including coverage of Felicia Parise, whom Pilkington later interviewed directly, and the influence of Kenneth Batcheldor’s group-sitter methodology.2
  • Pilkington explicitly positions the book between outright dismissal and uncritical spiritualist acceptance, arguing that the fraud hypothesis collapses under close scrutiny in a meaningful subset of documented cases.1
  • The book is recommended by Pilkington herself as a primary entry point into macro-PK and physical mediumship research for readers unfamiliar with the literature.3

Overview

Pilkington’s stated position in The Spirit of Dr. Bindelof is deliberately intermediate: she rejects both the blanket skeptical dismissal of all physical phenomena as conjuring tricks and the uncritical spiritualist interpretation that attributes every anomalous event to discarnate agency.1 The book’s three-part architecture reflects this methodological stance, grounding the reader first in a specific, personally known case, then providing historical context, and finally connecting the historical record to contemporary laboratory and field research. A recurring theme across all three parts is what Pilkington calls the “enigma” of physical phenomena: the difficulty of explaining away the best-documented cases while simultaneously acknowledging that the history of physical mediumship is heavily contaminated by fraud and wishful observation.

Structure and Publication History

Published by Anomalist Books (San Antonio and New York) in 2006, the book carries the ISBN 1933665637. It is organized into three parts: Part One (twelve chapters) covers the Bindelof case itself; Part Two (eight chapters) surveys physical mediumship from the Fox Sisters through Franek Kluski and Indridi Indridason; Part Three (seven chapters) covers twentieth-century developments including Soviet research on Nina Kulagina, Felicia Parise’s PK work, thoughtography, and Kenneth Batcheldor’s group methodology. An appendix titled “So You Want To Do It Too?” addresses readers interested in attempting group séance experiments. The book is dedicated to “the two Gilberts”, a reference to Gilbert Roller and, presumably, a second person of that name significant to Pilkington.1

The Bindelof Case: Part One

The narrative core of the book is the story of a group of teenage boys in 1930s New York who gathered for informal séances and produced phenomena that Pilkington argues cannot be straightforwardly dismissed. At the center was Gilbert Roller, whom Pilkington met in 1973 when she enrolled in his course on physical psychic phenomena at the New School for Social Research, a personal connection that gave her direct access to Roller’s first-hand recollections over many years of friendship.1 The group’s activities were organized around a communicating entity calling itself “Dr. Bindelof,” and the phenomena reported included the range of classic physical séance effects: raps, object movements, levitations, and apparent materializations.

The Bindelof Group, Phenomena and Documentation

The Bindelof sittings took place in an informal domestic setting in 1930s New York. The participants were teenagers, and the phenomena were not observed under controlled laboratory conditions. Pilkington’s reconstruction relies on Roller’s first-hand testimony gathered over decades of friendship, supplemented by whatever contemporaneous documentation survived. The book’s chapter titles indicate the range of phenomena discussed: “A Shot in the Dark,” “Trumpet for a Dead Man” (referring to the trumpet levitation phenomenon common in physical mediumship), “See Me, Feel Me, Touch Me, Heal Me,” and “The Portrait”, the last apparently referring to an anomalous image production event. Pilkington notes a parallel between Roller’s experiences and those of other RSPK-adjacent figures: like Tina Resch and the Polish teenager Joasia Gajewski, Roller was reportedly “attacked” by flying objects during some sessions.41 The evidential weight of the Bindelof case rests entirely on retrospective testimony; no contemporaneous instrumental records are described in the available material.

Historical Survey of Physical Mediumship: Part Two

Part Two of the book situates the Bindelof case within the longer history of physical mediumship, covering figures whose phenomena were investigated by credentialed scientists and documented in contemporaneous records. Pilkington’s survey runs from the Fox Sisters through D. D. Home, Sir William Crookes’s investigations, Eusapia Palladino (“The Neapolitan Wonder”), ectoplasm research, Franek Kluski (“The Unique Pole”), and Indridi Indridason of Iceland.1 The chapter on Indridason is particularly notable given that Pilkington later reviewed the definitive English-language scholarly treatment of his mediumship, finding it the second major book to make previously inaccessible evidence available to English-speaking readers.5

D. D. Home and the Crookes Investigations

Chapter 14 covers D. D. Home, widely regarded as the most thoroughly investigated physical medium of the nineteenth century and notable for never having been caught in fraud despite decades of public sittings. Chapter 15 covers Sir William Crookes, the chemist and Fellow of the Royal Society who investigated both Home and Florence Cook (the medium associated with the materialized “Katie King” figure, covered in Chapter 16). Pilkington’s treatment draws on the historical record of these investigations rather than presenting new empirical data. The evidential status of the Crookes investigations remains contested in the scholarly literature: Crookes’s methodology has been criticized for insufficient controls against medium deception, while defenders argue that his scientific training and the conditions he imposed were more rigorous than critics acknowledge. Pilkington’s position, consistent with her stated middle-ground stance, is that the fraud hypothesis does not adequately account for all documented observations.1

Indridi Indridason, Icelandic Physical Medium

Pilkington’s Chapter 20 on Indridi Indridason predates the 2015 Haraldsson and Gissurarson monograph by nearly a decade. When that definitive scholarly treatment appeared, Pilkington reviewed it for the Journal of Scientific Exploration, noting it as the second major book (after Zofia Weaver’s treatment of Franek Kluski) to make previously inaccessible evidence available in English. Indridason (1883–1909) was a farmer’s son from rural Iceland who began producing phenomena, table movements, levitations, direct voice, simultaneous dual-voice singing, and apparent materializations, after being introduced to séance experimentation around 1905. Pilkington’s review notes that some of his phenomena resembled RSPK outbreaks in their violence, and that he was reportedly dragged bodily across floors and nearly pulled through a window by unseen forces. The authors of the 2015 monograph compare him to D. D. Home; Pilkington’s earlier chapter in Bindelof situates him within the same tradition of physical mediumship she surveys across Part Two.5

Twentieth-Century Psychokinesis: Part Three

The book’s third part bridges historical physical mediumship and twentieth-century laboratory and field research on psychokinesis, arguing for continuity between the phenomena observed in Victorian séance rooms and those documented in mid-to-late twentieth-century experimental settings. Key figures covered include Nina Kulagina (Soviet PK subject), Felicia Parise (American PK subject who worked at Maimonides Hospital), Ted Serios (thoughtography), and Kenneth Batcheldor (whose group-sitter methodology Pilkington treats as a significant methodological development).1 Pilkington’s 2015 interview with Felicia Parise, conducted after the book’s publication, grew directly out of her Chapter 23, in which she had written about Parise without ever having met her.2

Felicia Parise, “A Mini-Kulagina”

Chapter 23, titled “A Mini-Kulagina,” covers Felicia Parise, a laboratory technician at Maimonides Hospital in Brooklyn who worked in the same institution where Montague Ullman, Stanley Krippner, and Charles Honorton were conducting dream telepathy experiments. After Ullman returned from the USSR with film of Nina Kulagina moving objects and deflecting compasses, Parise, unlike most colleagues who were skeptical, believed Kulagina was genuine and undertook a sustained effort to replicate the effect herself. After considerable practice she reportedly succeeded in moving small objects under conditions that included distance controls. Pilkington’s chapter was written without direct contact with Parise, who had become a very private person. In 2013, Pilkington located Parise and conducted a formal interview, published in the Journal of Scientific Exploration in 2015, which provided first-hand corrections to inaccuracies in the published record and direct testimony about the physical toll the PK work exacted.2

Kenneth Batcheldor and Group Methodology

Chapter 26, “The Impact of Kenneth Batcheldor,” covers the British psychologist whose group-sitter approach to table levitation and physical phenomena became influential in the field. Batcheldor’s methodology emphasized the role of belief, expectation, and group dynamics in facilitating physical phenomena, a framework that sits between purely psychological explanation and straightforward psi attribution. Pilkington treats Batcheldor’s contribution as methodologically significant because it offered a reproducible protocol for generating physical phenomena in group settings, in contrast to the unreliable and investigator-dependent phenomena of individual mediums. The chapter’s placement at the end of Part Three, just before the epilogue, suggests Pilkington views Batcheldor’s approach as pointing toward productive future directions rather than merely cataloging historical curiosities.1

Significance and Reception

Pilkington recommends The Spirit of Dr. Bindelof explicitly as an entry point into macro-PK and physical mediumship research, noting in a 2019 book review that a survey of the psi field covering more than 500 pages had omitted D. D. Home, Eusapia Palladino, Sir William Crookes, Charles Richet, and psychic photography entirely, gaps she regarded as serious deficiencies that her own book addresses.3 The book also functions as a connective tissue document in Pilkington’s broader scholarly work: it generated the Felicia Parise interview published a decade later,2 and its treatment of RSPK cases is cross-referenced in her 2023 review of the Polish poltergeist case of Joasia Gajewski, where she draws a direct parallel between Joasia’s experiences and those of Gilbert Roller.4

Cross-References in Pilkington’s Later Work

The book is cited or referenced in at least three of Pilkington’s subsequent published pieces in the Journal of Scientific Exploration. In her 2015 interview with Felicia Parise, Pilkington notes that Chapter 23 of Bindelof was written without direct contact with Parise and that the interview was intended to correct and supplement the published account.2 In her 2019 review of Terje Simonsen’s survey of the psi field, she recommends Bindelof as a corrective to Simonsen’s inadequate treatment of macro-PK phenomena.3 In her 2023 review of the Polish poltergeist case, she draws an explicit parallel between Joasia Gajewski’s experiences and those of Gilbert Roller, citing the 2006 book directly.4 This pattern of self-citation across a seventeen-year span suggests the book functions as a reference anchor in Pilkington’s ongoing engagement with physical phenomena research. The book also connects to her Enfield poltergeist review, where she uses the term RSPK (Recurrent Spontaneous Psychokinesis) consistently, the same framing she employs throughout Bindelof.6

The Book’s Place in Physical Mediumship Historiography

When Pilkington reviewed the Haraldsson and Gissurarson monograph on Indridi Indridason in 2015, she described it as “the second important book to be issued recently about spectacular, relatively unknown physical mediums, the evidence for whom would be inaccessible to English-speaking people if it were not for the translations of the original material by their authors”, the first being Zofia Weaver’s treatment of Franek Kluski.5 This framing positions The Spirit of Dr. Bindelof as a complementary rather than competing work: where Weaver and Haraldsson/Gissurarson translate and analyze primary source documentation for specific mediums, Pilkington’s book provides a synthetic overview that connects individual cases to a broader interpretive framework. The book’s appendix, “So You Want To Do It Too?”, is unusual in the literature for directly addressing readers interested in attempting group séance experiments, reflecting Pilkington’s view that the phenomena are potentially reproducible rather than confined to rare gifted individuals.1

Modern Context

Contemporary experimental psychology provides a mainstream interpretive frame for the seance phenomena described above. Controlled work on suggestion in the seance room shows that a confederate’s verbal cues can induce sitters to report physical effects, such as table movement, that did not occur, and that this susceptibility is strongest among those who already believe in the paranormal.7 This defines the baseline of expectation- and suggestion-driven misreport against which retrospective accounts of historical physical mediumship must be read.

Skeptical Critiques and Discussion

Critique 1: The fraud hypothesis adequately explains the historical record of physical mediumship

Skeptic source: The standard skeptical position, articulated in the broader literature and acknowledged directly by Pilkington in the book’s introduction, holds that physical séance phenomena are produced by skilled conjuring, that investigators were systematically deceived, and that ectoplasm and materializations were produced by regurgitated or concealed materials. Pilkington cites Houdini’s demonstrations of table levitation as the canonical skeptical reference point.1 Experimental psychology supports the conjuring-and-suggestion account directly: in a staged seance, a confederate’s verbal suggestion that a stationary table was levitating led roughly a third of sitters to falsely report movement, with paranormal believers the most susceptible.7 Historical analysis of the best-documented Victorian cases, including D. D. Home, situates the same dispute within a wider crisis over what counted as evidence in the seance room.8

Response: Pilkington’s rebuttal is not that fraud never occurred, she explicitly acknowledges that fraud was widespread in physical mediumship, but that the fraud hypothesis fails to account for the best-documented cases when examined closely. Her survey of D. D. Home (never caught in fraud across decades of public sittings under varied conditions), the Crookes investigations, and the Indridason case (where phenomena occurred under conditions that included binding and independent witnesses) is intended to demonstrate that a blanket fraud explanation requires dismissing substantial contemporaneous documentation by credentialed observers.15 The specific artifact addressed is investigator deception by the medium; the specific control cited is the presence of multiple independent witnesses including scientists and skeptics at many of the historical sittings. The strength of this ruling-out is partially addressed: Pilkington acknowledges that retrospective historical analysis cannot fully reconstruct the conditions of Victorian séance rooms, and that some cases she treats as evidential remain contested.

Analysis. The historical record of physical mediumship contains both well-documented fraud and cases that resist simple fraud explanation.

Critique 2: Retrospective testimony from a single witness (Gilbert Roller) is insufficient to establish the reality of the Bindelof phenomena

Skeptic source: The Bindelof case rests primarily on the retrospective testimony of Gilbert Roller, gathered by Pilkington over decades of friendship beginning in 1973, approximately forty years after the original 1930s sittings. The standard methodological critique of such evidence is that retrospective single-witness testimony is subject to memory distortion, motivated reasoning, and the absence of contemporaneous documentation or independent corroboration.1

Response: Pilkington does not claim that the Bindelof case constitutes controlled experimental evidence. The book’s framing positions it as a case study and historical reconstruction rather than a laboratory report. The specific artifact, retrospective memory distortion, is partially addressed by the fact that Pilkington gathered testimony from multiple participants (the chapter titles reference “Gil’s Story” and “Larry’s Story,” suggesting at least two independent witnesses), but the strength of this ruling-out is weak: the sittings were informal, no contemporaneous instrumental records are described, and the witnesses were adolescents at the time of the original events. Pilkington’s own introduction acknowledges the epistemological difficulty, positioning the book as an exploration of the “enigma” rather than a proof of the phenomena’s reality.1

Analysis. The Bindelof case is presented as historically interesting and personally significant rather than as controlled evidence. The evidential weight of retrospective multi-decade testimony, even from multiple witnesses, is limited; Pilkington’s framing is appropriately cautious about the case’s probative value as evidence for physical phenomena.

References
  1. Pilkington, R. (2006). The spirit of Dr. Bindelof: The enigma of séance phenomena. Anomalist Books. R001 [Pilkington 2006] ↩︎
  2. Pilkington, R. (2015). Interview with Felicia Parise. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 29(1), 75–108. https://journalofscientificexploration.org/index.php/jse/article/view/825 R002 [Pilkington 2015 Parise] ↩︎
  3. Pilkington, R. (2019). Our Secret Powers Telepathy, Clairvoyance and Precognition: A Short History of (Nearly) Everything Paranormal by Terje G. Simonsen. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 33(3), 489–491. https://journalofscientificexploration.org/index.php/jse/article/view/1561 R003 [Pilkington 2019] ↩︎
  4. Pilkington, R. (2023). The Elusive Force: A Remarkable Case of Poltergeist Activity and Psychokinetic Power. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 37(4), 720–721. https://doi.org/10.31275/20233273 R004 [Pilkington 2023] ↩︎
  5. Pilkington, R. (2015). Indridi Indridason: The Icelandic Physical Medium by Erlendur Haraldsson and Loftur R. Gissurarson. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 29(4), 682–686. https://journalofscientificexploration.org/index.php/jse/article/view/984 R005 [Pilkington 2015 Indrídáson] ↩︎
  6. Pilkington, R. (2018). This House is Haunted: The Amazing Inside Story of the Enfield Poltergeist by Guy Lyon Playfair. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 32(4), 781–785. https://journalofscientificexploration.org/index.php/jse/article/view/1372 R006 [Pilkington 2018] ↩︎
  7. Wiseman, R., Greening, E., & Smith, M. (2003). Belief in the paranormal and suggestion in the seance room. British Journal of Psychology, 94(3), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712603767876235 R007 [Wiseman et al. 2003 seance] ↩︎
  8. Lamont, P. (2004). Spiritualism and a mid-Victorian crisis of evidence. The Historical Journal, 47(4), 897–920. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X04004030 R008 [Lamont 2004] ↩︎