How many precognition studies were conducted with RNGs and what is the summary of those collected studies? Include all the studies that you source in a reference list in MLA standard.
Precognition studies with RNGs in the ESP-Nexus library
Short answer: the current reference material retrieved for this question does not establish a count of precognition studies conducted with random number generators (RNGs). I don’t want to manufacture a figure — so let me be precise about what is and isn’t here.
What the retrieved sources actually cover
The two numbered sources in front of me are not precognition-with-RNG studies:
- Bösch, Steinkamp & Boller (2006) is a meta-analysis of psychokinesis (PK) — specifically, the interaction of human intention with random number generators [2]. That is a PK question (influencing an RNG’s output), not a precognition question (foreknowledge of a future RNG output). The two are methodologically distinct even though both use RNG hardware. The keyword list quoted in the source mentions precognition only as part of a search-term string, not as the study’s subject [2].
- Kugel (2011) is a critique — “A Faulty PK Meta-Analysis” — again in the PK domain, and its quoted text is a general definition of ESP terms (telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, PK) rather than any precognition-RNG dataset [1].
So neither retrieved source is a precognition-RNG study, and no structured evidence table, count, or effect-size data accompanied this question. I therefore cannot give you a number of precognition-RNG studies or a summary of their pooled results from the library without inventing it, which the site’s grounding policy forbids.
General framing (not from the ESP-Nexus library)
For context — and flagged clearly as background, not a site citation: precognition RNG work is a real experimental paradigm (participants attempt to predict, rather than influence, an RNG’s future output; the best-known modern examples are forced-choice and presentiment-style designs). But the specific corpus of such studies is not represented in the sources retrieved here, so I can’t characterize its size or findings for you.
On the reference list you asked for
I can only build a citation list from sources that are actually in front of me, and I should not present PK meta-analyses as though they were the precognition-RNG studies you asked about. For completeness, the two retrieved works, in MLA form, are:
- Bösch, Holger, Fiona Steinkamp, and Emil Boller. “Examining Psychokinesis: The Interaction of Human Intention with Random Number Generators—A Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin, vol. 132, no. 4, 2006, pp. 497–523. DOI, doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.497.
- Kugel, Wilfried. “A Faulty PK Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 25, 2011.
Note that both are psychokinesis items, not precognition-RNG studies — so they answer a neighboring question, not your actual one.
Where to go next
The Studies section groups single-study audit pages by topic, including a Precognition grouping, and the Phenomena section has topic pages. If precognition-RNG studies are audited on the site, they’d surface there — but I’d rather point you to those pages than assert a count the retrieved material doesn’t support.
If you rephrase toward PK-with-RNG (the actual subject of both retrieved sources), I can give you a grounded summary of what those two works claim.
References
- Kugel, W. (2011). A Faulty PK Meta-Analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 25. https://journalofscientificexploration.org/index.php/jse/article/download/31/211
- Bösch, Holger, Fiona Steinkamp, Emil Boller (2006). Examining psychokinesis: The interaction of human intention with random number generators—A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 497–523. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.497
More questions answered
- Pool the effect sizes across every ganzfeld study you hold and compare your number to the published Storm and Tressoldi meta-analyses—do they agree?
- Has the effect size for PK data increased in the last 50 years?
- Tell me about the clairvoyance work of the last 50 years
- What trends can you see in precognition research?
- What trends can you see in ESP research in the last 50 years?
- What are parapsychology's current arguments to justify that the phenomena are real and should be taken seriously?