Answers - ESP-Nexus

KNOWLEDGE TELESCOPE: 453 questions answered · 10 subjects

These are telescope questions — they stand back and look at a whole body of research at once. The rest of the site is the microscope: the individual study audits, scientist profiles and primary sources each answer is built from. Every answer states how much of the relevant literature the library actually holds. Each question below has its own page.

Ganzfeld and sensory attenuation

The ganzfeld protocol — what it is, what the pooled data show, and how the study set has changed over time.

Adrian Parker data, experiments and critical commentaryThere is an attribution hazard here that has to be flagged at the top. The retrieved sources involve two different "Parker"s , and they are not…
BeloffJohn Beloff, PhD was a philosopher of mind and experimental parapsychologist who shaped the intellectual and methodological foundations of…
Bob MorrisI don't have a specific ESP-Nexus page dedicated to "Bob Morris" as a standalone topic.
Bob Morris researchRobert L. Morris , PhD was a parapsychology researcher based at the University of Edinburgh, where he held the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology — the…
Bob Morris research and dataRobert L. Morris , PhD was a central figure in experimental parapsychology across the final three decades of the twentieth century and into the early…
Brian D. Josephson experiments and dataBrian D. Josephson is a Nobel laureate in Physics (1973, for the Josephson effect in superconductivity) who has pursued a long-standing theoretical…
Callum E. Cooper experiments and dataCallum E. Cooper is a senior lecturer and associate professor of psychology at the University of Northampton, working at the intersection of…
Can you discuss any aspects about Dean Radin not already covered by questions that have previously been asked?Dean I. Radin, PhD is Chief Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) and an Associated Distinguished Professor at the California Institute…
Can you draw a scatterplot and fit the line?I don't have control over graphic rendering in this interface, and the sources retrieved for this question don't contain the kind of structured…
Can you find all the Bob Morris studies, describe them, and show me the statistics?Robert L. Morris, PhD, held the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology at the University of Edinburgh and worked across free-response ESP, ganzfeld, DMILS…
Can you find all the Honorton studies, describe them and show me the statistics?To be clear on scope: the five items below are the passages retrieved for this question — not an inventory of everything by Honorton in the library.
Caroline A. Watt experiments and dataCaroline Watt, PhD holds the Koestler Chair in Parapsychology at the University of Edinburgh, succeeding Robert Morris in 2004 [2] [3] .
Caroline WattCaroline Watt, PhD is a parapsychologist and the current Koestler Chair in Parapsychology at the University of Edinburgh.
Charles HonortonCharles Honorton (1946–1992) was a laboratory parapsychologist whose career centered on a single organizing question: whether anomalous information…
Charles Honorton experiments and dataBefore drawing conclusions from the evidence below, two qualifications apply. First, the library's share of the published literature on Honorton's work…
Charles T. Tart experiments and dataCharles T. Tart, PhD is profiled on ESP-Nexus at his scientist page . The sources retrieved for this question present a challenge worth stating plainly…
Chris A. Roe experiments and dataChris A. Roe, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Northampton and director of the Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological…
Christine A. Simmonds-Moore experiments and dataChristine A. Simmonds-Moore, PhD is a psychologist and parapsychology researcher at the University of West Georgia whose empirical work spans ganzfeld…
Compare and contrast standard ganzfeld vs autoganzfeldCoverage note first: the ESP-Nexus library holds 57 of the 78 studies in the standard ganzfeld meta-analytic database.
D. Scott Rogo experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question cover several distinct areas of Rogo's work: ganzfeld psi research, near-death experience (NDE) investigation…
Daryl J. Bem experiments and dataDaryl J. Bem, PhD is a social psychologist at Cornell University whose entry into parapsychology research — particularly his 2011 paper in a flagship…
Deborah DelanoyDeborah L. Delanoy, PhD is an American-born parapsychologist whose career spanned the University of Edinburgh — where she worked under Robert L.
Deborah L. Delanoy experiments and dataBefore drawing any conclusions, a coverage qualification is needed: the studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library represent an unknown share of the…
Debra H. Weiner experiments and dataThe ESP-Nexus page for Debra H. Weiner is currently a placeholder — full content is noted as pending a curator and generator pass.
Detail the experiments done at Mind Science Foundation.The sources retrieved for this question do not contain documentation of experiments conducted at the Mind Science Foundation.
Dick BiermanDick J. Bierman is a parapsychology researcher at the University of Amsterdam and University of Utrecht (Netherlands) whose work has centered on…
Dick J. Bierman experiments and dataDick J. Bierman (University of Amsterdam and University of Utrecht) has pursued several interrelated research programs, primarily focused on whether…
displacementDisplacement in parapsychology research refers to a well-documented phenomenon in ESP experiments in which a subject's response coincides with a target…
Donald J. West experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question include only a single passage from West [1] — a 2008 tribute he wrote to Ian Stevenson, published in the…
Eberhard BauerI don't have ESP-Nexus profile content yet for Eberhard Bauer. The Eberhard Bauer page is currently a placeholder — biography, affiliations, research…
Edward F. Kelly experiments and dataEdward F. Kelly, PhD has worked across three broad research programs over his career: early laboratory ESP experiments, neurophysiological studies of…
Edward KellyEdward F. Kelly is a research professor at the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia.
Elisabeth F. Targ experiments and dataElisabeth Targ, MD was a psychiatrist and clinical researcher whose work sits at an unusual intersection: she brought randomized controlled trial…
Ephraim I. Schechter experiments and dataEphraim I. Schechter was an active researcher at the Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL) in Princeton during the 1970s–1980s, contributing…
Everton de Oliveira Maraldi experiments and dataBased on the sources retrieved for this question, Maraldi is a Brazilian psychologist and parapsychology researcher whose work spans empirical…
Following up on my last question, given where we are today and where we want to end up, what specific knowledge, engineering, validation and institutional work must occur to get there?I can't fully answer this one, because I don't have the thread it's following. Your question is a follow-up — "given where we are today and where we…
ganzfeld over timeCoverage note first: the ESP-Nexus library holds 57 of the 78 studies in the standard ganzfeld meta-analytic database (Tressoldi & Storm 2024, GZMA v13).
George HansenGeorge Hansen is a parapsychologist known for theoretical and methodological contributions to psi research, and for detailed historical and critical…
Gertrude R. Schmeidler experiments and dataGertrude R. Schmeidler, PhD was one of the most methodologically systematic experimental parapsychologists of the twentieth century, with a career…
Give me a complete reference list for every experiment from Honorton.I want to be precise about what "complete" can mean here. The numbered sources retrieved for this question, plus the reference lists on Honorton's…
Harold E. Puthoff experiments and dataHarold E. Puthoff, PhD is a physicist who co-led the remote-viewing research program at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) with Russell Targ , and whose…
Harold PuthoffHarold E. Puthoff is a physicist who jointly led the remote-viewing research program at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) with Russell Targ [1] .
Has the ganzfeld effect size changed over the last fifty years?The ESP-Nexus library holds 57 of the 78 studies in the standard ganzfeld meta-analytic database (the Tressoldi & Storm 2024 GZMA v13 set), plus the…
Honorton & Tremmel studiesBefore drawing conclusions from the studies below, note the corpus coverage qualification: the ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on…
How do autoganzfeld results compare with the earlier ganzfeld studies?Coverage first. This comparison is drawn from the ESP-Nexus library's holdings, which include 57 of the 78 studies in the standard ganzfeld…
Hoyt EdgeHoyt L. Edge, PhD is a philosopher of parapsychology whose work bridges conceptual foundations, cross-cultural methodology, and critical engagement…
Hoyt L. Edge experiments and dataHoyt L. Edge, PhD is a philosopher of parapsychology based at Rollins College whose contributions span empirical fieldwork, conceptual analysis, and…
Irvin L. Child experiments and dataIrvin L. Child, PhD was a Yale University psychologist who brought mainstream academic methods to parapsychology — both by running free-response psi…
James S. McDonnellI don't have information in the reference library specifically about James S. McDonnell as a biographical subject.
Jeffrey Mishlove experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question give a clearer picture of Mishlove as a theorist, educator, writer, and media producer than as an experimental…
Jessica M. Utts experiments and dataBefore drawing any conclusions from what follows, a coverage qualification is warranted: the library's share of the published literature on Jessica…
Jessica UttsJessica M. Utts, PhD is a statistician and Professor Emerita at the University of California, Irvine, whose engagement with parapsychology is…
Johann Baptista experiments and dataThe ESP-Nexus page for Johann Baptista is currently a placeholder, with full content pending a curator and generator pass.
John Beloff experiments and dataJohn Beloff, PhD was a philosopher of mind and experimental parapsychologist based at the University of Edinburgh whose career touched multiple lines…
Joop HoutkooperJoop M. Houtkooper is a parapsychology researcher whose work spans theoretical frameworks for psi phenomena and experimental design in ganzfeld and…
Joop M. Houtkooper experiments and dataThe ESP-Nexus page for Joop M. Houtkooper is currently a placeholder — full content is pending a curator and generator pass.
Julie Milton experiments and dataJulie Milton is a parapsychologist whose work centers on meta-analytic synthesis and methodological critique of ESP research, conducted largely in…
Kathy DaltonKathy S. Dalton is a parapsychology researcher whose career has centered on ganzfeld methodology, sender-receiver dynamics, dream ESP protocols, and…
Kathy S. Dalton experiments and dataKathy S. Dalton, PhD is a parapsychologist whose work at the Edinburgh Koestler Parapsychology Unit (KPU) spans ganzfeld methodology, sender-receiver…
Lance Storm experiments and dataLance Storm, PhD is a parapsychologist based at the School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, whose research spans meta-analysis of multiple ESP…
Mario P. Varvoglis experiments and dataBefore drawing any conclusions from what follows, note that the library's share of the published literature on Varvoglis's work has not been measured.
Michael Grosso experiments and dataMichael Grosso, PhD is a philosopher and parapsychology researcher whose work spans theoretical analysis, historical investigation, and critical…
Montague UllmanMontague Ullman, MD was a psychiatrist and parapsychologist who built the first sustained laboratory program for studying telepathy during sleep.
Montague Ullman experiments and dataMontague Ullman, MD was a psychiatrist and parapsychologist who founded the Maimonides Medical Center Dream Laboratory and built the first sustained…
Nicola J. Holt experiments and dataNicola J. Holt, PhD is a parapsychologist and anomalistic psychologist whose published experimental work spans several interconnected lines: the…
Patricia BarkerPatricia Barker is a parapsychologist who collaborated with Charles Honorton and Rick E.
Patricio TressoldiPatrizio E. Tressoldi is a parapsychology researcher based at the Science of Consciousness Research Group, Studium Patavinum, at Padova University in…
Patrizio E. Tressoldi experiments and dataPatrizio E. Tressoldi, PhD is one of parapsychology's most active meta-analysts and experimental researchers, based at the University of Padova's…
Pool the effect sizes across every ganzfeld study you hold and compare your number to the published Storm and Tressoldi meta-analyses—do they agree?No — and the reason is methodological, not evasive. The twelve ganzfeld meta-analyses ESP-Nexus holds do not report their results on one common metric…
Ray HymanRay Hyman is a research psychologist and prominent skeptical voice in parapsychology who has shaped methodological standards in the field through…
Rex StanfordRex G. Stanford is a theoretical and experimental parapsychologist whose career has centered on understanding the mechanisms underlying psi phenomena…
Richard BroughtonRichard S. Broughton is a parapsychologist whose research has centered on experimental design, computational methodology, and the investigation of…
Rick E. Berger experiments and dataBefore drawing any conclusions from the studies below, one important qualification: the ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on Rick…
Robert L. Morris experiments and dataRobert L. Morris, PhD was one of the most methodologically influential figures in twentieth-century parapsychology.
Robert Morris dataRobert L. Morris, PhD was a central figure in experimental parapsychology whose career at the University of Edinburgh produced work across ganzfeld…
Robin K. Taylor experiments and dataRobin K. Taylor, PhD is a parapsychologist trained at the Koestler Parapsychology Unit (KPU), University of Edinburgh, where he completed his PhD under…
Robin TaylorRobin K. Taylor, PhD is a parapsychologist and psychologist whose work spans laboratory psi research, cross-cultural fieldwork, and theoretical writing…
Russell Targ experiments and dataRussell Targ is an American physicist who co-founded the remote-viewing research program at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) with Harold E.
SchechterEphraim I. Schechter is a parapsychologist whose work at the Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL) in Princeton centered on the automated ganzfeld…
SchmeidlerGertrude R. Schmeidler, PhD was a pioneering experimental parapsychologist whose systematic work on personality and belief effects in ESP shaped the…
Should I share a hotel room with Rick Berger?This question falls outside what ESP-Nexus covers. The library is a parapsychology research reference — it holds published studies, researcher…
show a table of Honorton effect sizesBefore reading the table below, one qualification is essential: the library's share of the published literature on Honorton's work has not been measured.
Show me the ganzfeld results broken down by condition: under what conditions does the effect appear, and under what conditions does it vanish?Coverage first: the figures below come from the ESP-Nexus library's holding of 57 of the 78 studies in the standard ganzfeld meta-analytic database…
Simon J. Sherwood experiments and dataSimon J. Sherwood, PhD is a parapsychology researcher whose work spans dream ESP, precognition, personality factors in psi performance, ganzfeld…
Simon SherwoodSimon J. Sherwood, PhD is a parapsychologist whose research centers on anomalous cognition in altered states of consciousness—particularly dream ESP…
Skeptics argued that Ganzfeld experiments were contaminated by particular artifacts. What were these arguments? How are these arguments countered by the automated or auto-Ganzfeld? What criticisms have been leveled against the autoganzfeld to say that it's still not a sound methodology?The first-generation ganzfeld experiments — the studies debated in the 1980s — drew a set of specific methodological objections from skeptics, most…
StanfordRex G. Stanford, PhD is a theoretical and experimental parapsychologist whose research has centered on understanding the mechanisms underlying…
Stephen E. Braude experiments and dataStephen E. Braude, PhD was a philosopher of mind whose engagement with parapsychology was primarily conceptual and critical rather than experimental.
Susan BlackmoreSusan Blackmore is a researcher at the University of Plymouth whose work spans parapsychology and near-death experiences.
Tell me about Bob Morris and his association with KPU.Robert L. Morris , PhD held the Koestler Chair in Parapsychology at the University of Edinburgh, where he founded and directed the Koestler…
Tell me about Robin Taylor.Robin K. Taylor is a parapsychologist and psychologist whose career has spanned the UK, Fiji, and beyond.
tell me about Rogo's paper on short term ganzfeld stimulationThe sources retrieved for this question do not include Rogo's paper on short-term ganzfeld stimulation.
the most recent ganzfeld meta-analysisCoverage qualification — read this first. The ESP-Nexus library holds 57 of the 78 studies in the standard ganzfeld meta-analytic database (the…
Thelma Moss experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question do not contain primary documents from Thelma Moss's own UCLA laboratory research — the retrieved passages…
VarvoglisMario P. Varvoglis, PhD is an experimental psychologist and parapsychology researcher who has served as President of the Institut Métapsychique…
Varvoglis experimentsMario P. Varvoglis, PhD is an experimental psychologist and parapsychology researcher who has served as President of the Institut Métapsychique…
What did Charles Honorton and Ray Hyman disagree about?The Honorton–Hyman disagreement is one of the most substantive methodological exchanges in parapsychology's history.
What did Helmut Schmidt contribute to ganzfeld research?Helmut Schmidt's connection to ganzfeld research is indirect but methodologically significant — his primary contributions were to psychokinesis (PK)…
What did Milton and Wiseman's 1999 meta-analysis find, and how did ganzfeld researchers respond to it?The paper — "Does Psi Exist? Lack of Replication of an Anomalous Process of Information Transfer," published in Psychological Bulletin — pooled 30…
What did the 1986 Joint Communique between Honorton and Hyman conclude, and what did each side concede?The Joint Communiqué [1] [2] emerged from the exchange of competing meta-analyses published in 1985, in which Ray Hyman's critical reanalysis of the…
What experimental corpus do you currently have the most audited publications for where we can do any kind of exploratory analysis?The question is a good one, but it's asking me to characterize the shape of the library — which experimental paradigm (ganzfeld, remote viewing…
What is Rick Berger's contribution to this field?Rick E. Berger, PhD is an experimental social psychologist and anomalous cognition researcher whose work spans three distinct lines: building automated…
What is the big picture for ganzfeld experiments?The ganzfeld ("whole field" in German) is a free-response psi testing method designed to reduce patterned sensory input — halved ping-pong balls over…
What is the evidence for ganzfeld telepathy?The ESP-Nexus library holds 57 of the 78 studies in the standard ganzfeld meta-analytic database (Tressoldi & Storm 2024, GZMA v13).
What is the strongest single experimental result in this library?"Strongest single experimental result" implies a ranked comparison of experimental effects — a hit rate, an effect size, a z-score, the biggest…
What is the weirdest finding in your library?That's a question the library can't answer with a single audited finding — "weirdest" is a judgment call, not a measurable quantity, and the grounding…
What were Ray Hyman's experimental results on the ganzfeld?Ray Hyman was a critic, not an experimenter — he did not run ganzfeld studies and has no personal experimental results to report.
What would change your mind?This is a natural question to put to a site that publishes psi research, so it's worth being precise about what "mind" ESP-Nexus has to change.
Which of the studies in the ganzfeld database have qualitative data that could be analyzed retrodictively?You're asking a database-level query — which specific ganzfeld studies in the ESP-Nexus corpus carry qualitative data (free-response mentation, session…
Which parapsychologists have been caught committing fraud?This is a question where intellectual honesty requires both precision and care. The sources retrieved — particularly Kennedy (2024) [4] and Bierman…
Which scientists do you have the most effect sizes for?The question touches on the library's quantitative holdings, but a precise count of effect sizes per scientist isn't something I can supply from…
Who designed and built the autoganzfeld system, and what was automated about it?The autoganzfeld system was designed and built by Rick E. Berger , documented in Berger & Honorton (1986).
Who is Dean Radin and what has he found?Dean I. Radin, PhD is Chief Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) and an Associated Distinguished Professor at the California Institute…
Who is Rick Berger?Rick E. Berger, PhD is an experimental social psychologist and anomalous cognition researcher who is both a parapsychology scientist profiled on…
william braudWilliam G. Braud is a parapsychology researcher profiled on ESP-Nexus. He was a pioneer of direct mental interaction with living systems (DMILS) , a…
William G. Braud experiments and dataWilliam G. Braud, PhD was an experimental parapsychologist whose career moved from conventional animal learning and neurochemistry research in the…
Write an essay detailing the pros and cons of automated ganzfeld.Before drawing conclusions from the evidence below, a coverage note is necessary: the ESP-Nexus library holds 57 of the 78 studies in the standard…

Remote viewing

Free-response remote-viewing experiments, from the early laboratory programs to recent replications.

Anomalous cognition / remote viewingBefore reading these results: the library's share of the published literature on remote viewing has not been measured.
ArvI don't have any sources on file about "Arv" as a topic. Could you clarify what you're asking about?
Brenda DunneBrenda J. Dunne was a developmental psychologist who shaped the modern experimental study of consciousness-correlated anomalies over a 28-year career…
Brenda J. Dunne experiments and dataBrenda J. Dunne was a developmental psychologist who served as laboratory manager of the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) laboratory…
Controlled Remote Viewing CRVCoverage note: The evidence table below reflects studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library on remote viewing.
Courtney BrownCourtney Brown is the Director of The Farsight Institute and has published work in remote viewing research.
Dean RadinDean I. Radin, PhD is Chief Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) and Associated Distinguished Professor at the California Institute of…
Dean Radin DataCoverage note: The studies in the evidence table reflect what the ESP-Nexus library currently holds — the library's share of the published literature…
Dean Radin experiments and criticisms and rebuttalsDean I. Radin, PhD is Chief Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) and an Associated Distinguished Professor at the California Institute…
Debra KatzDebra Lynne Katz, PhD is a parapsychology researcher, remote viewing practitioner, and founder of the International School of Clairvoyance, profiled at…
Debra Katz experimentsDebra Lynne Katz, PhD is a parapsychology researcher, remote viewing practitioner, and founder of the International School of Clairvoyance, profiled at…
Debra Lynne Katz experiments and dataBefore reading the figures below, note that the ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on Katz's work has not been measured.
Detail Radin dataCoverage note: The studies below reflect what is currently held in the ESP-Nexus library.
Detail Radin experimentsDean I. Radin, PhD is a parapsychology researcher profiled on ESP-Nexus at https://esp-nexus.org/scientists/dean-i-radin/ .
Discuss the implications of Radin's real magic.Before anything else: the statistics and study descriptions below reflect what the ESP-Nexus library currently holds.
Edwin C. May experiments and dataEdwin C. May, PhD is a physicist who directed the U.S. government's remote viewing research program at SRI International and later at Science…
Edwin MayEdwin C. May, PhD is a physicist who directed remote viewing research at SRI International and its successor organization, Science Applications…
Elizabeth A. Rauscher experiments and dataElizabeth A. Rauscher , PhD is a parapsychology researcher and physicist profiled on ESP-Nexus.
Erlendur Haraldsson experiments and dataErlendur Haraldsson is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Iceland [1] [2] , where his research spans several interconnected areas…
Escola-GasconI don't have a direct match for "Escola-Gascon" in the sources retrieved for this question.
Garrett Moddel experiments and dataGarret Moddel is an electrical engineer at the University of Colorado Boulder whose experimental work spans several distinct research areas — psi…
Gary E. Schwartz experiments and dataThe question asks about "Gary E. Schwartz experiments and data." A clarification matters up front: the sources retrieved for this question concern…
Goran Brusewitz experiments and dataThe retrieved sources give a partial picture of Göran Brusewitz's work — they touch on several distinct threads without providing a comprehensive…
Hal PuthoffHarold E. Puthoff is a physicist who jointly led the remote-viewing research programme at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) with Russell Targ .
Imants Barušš experiments and dataImants Barušs is a psychologist at King's University College, Western University (Canada), whose research spans the scientific study of consciousness…
Ingo SwannIngo Swann was an independent artist, remote-viewing subject, and protocol developer who played a central role in the development of remote viewing at…
Ingo Swann experiments and dataIngo Swann occupied an unusual dual role in parapsychology: he was simultaneously a research subject, a protocol collaborator, and eventually the…
Jahn effect sizesRobert G. Jahn's experimental findings on consciousness-correlated physical phenomena were characterized by small but consistent effect sizes…
John G. Kruth experiments and dataJohn G. Kruth is a parapsychology researcher and Executive Director of the Rhine Research Center in Durham, North Carolina, whose work spans…
Joseph McMoneagleJoseph McMoneagle is a retired U.S. Army Intelligence officer designated Remote Viewer #001 in the U.S.
Joseph McMoneagle experiments and dataJoseph McMoneagle is a retired U.S. Army Chief Warrant Officer and the first officially designated remote viewer in the Grill Flame program — later…
Julia A. Mossbridge experiments and dataJulia A. Mossbridge, PhD is a neuroscientist and parapsychologist whose research spans presentiment, precognitive remote viewing, and anomalous…
Julia MossbridgeJulia A. Mossbridge, PhD is a neuroscientist and parapsychologist whose research centers on precognition and related anomalous cognition phenomena.
KatzDebra Lynne Katz, PhD is a parapsychology researcher, remote viewing practitioner, and founder of the International School of Clairvoyance.
Lyn BuchananLyn Buchanan is a former US Army remote viewer and one of the core operational personnel in the classified Stargate and Grill Flame remote viewing…
Lyn Buchanan experiments and dataLyn Buchanan is a former US Army remote viewer and a core operational figure in the classified Stargate and Grill Flame military remote viewing…
Mark Boccuzzi experiments and dataMark Boccuzzi is a parapsychology researcher and instrument designer profiled at Mark Boccuzzi — ESP-Nexus .
Michael A. Persinger experiments and dataMichael A. Persinger was a neuroscientist and parapsychologist based at Laurentian University in Ontario, whose research program spanned several…
Nancy L. Zingrone experiments and dataNancy L. Zingrone, PhD is a parapsychology researcher and historian whose work spans empirical investigations of anomalous experiences, historical…
Nancy Zingrone data and experiments and critical commentaryNancy L. Zingrone, PhD is a research scholar and historian of parapsychology whose work spans experimental psi research, spontaneous anomalous…
Pat PriceI have retrieved sources, but they do not cover Pat Price. The numbered sources are book reviews and historical articles on spiritualism and the…
Paul H. Smith experiments and dataPaul H. Smith, PhD is a retired US Army Major and seven-year operational remote viewer in the US government's classified Stargate program, and is…
Paul SmithPaul H. Smith, PhD is a retired US Army Major and parapsychology researcher profiled on ESP-Nexus.
PiaoI need to clarify something important: the question "Piao" by itself doesn't specify what you're asking about.
Project FireflyProject Firefly was a 14-month associative remote viewing (ARV) experiment designed to predict movements in the Foreign Exchange (FOREX) currency…
RadinDean I. Radin, PhD is a parapsychology researcher profiled at ESP-Nexus . His work spans laboratory studies of mind-matter interaction, large-scale…
Radin dataCorpus coverage note (required): The evidence below reflects studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library.
Remote viewingCoverage note: The studies summarized below reflect what the ESP-Nexus library currently holds on remote viewing — the library's share of the complete…
remote viewing dataCoverage note (required): The evidence table below reflects studies currently held in the ESP-Nexus library.
Remote viewing data experiments and commentaryCoverage note: The studies below are those currently held in the ESP-Nexus library on this question.
Remote viewing overall resultsCoverage note (read first): The evidence below reflects the studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library.
Richard WisemanRichard Wiseman is a psychologist at the University of Hertfordshire who has conducted research across psychology of the paranormal, parapsychology…
Russell TargRussell Targ is an American physicist and a pioneering figure in parapsychology research.
SRI StargateThe Stargate program was the U.S. government's classified remote viewing research initiative, running from approximately 1972 to 1995.
StargateStargate was the umbrella name for a long-running US government-sponsored program that investigated remote viewing — the claimed ability to perceive…
Stephan A. Schwartz experiments and dataStephan A. Schwartz is a parapsychology researcher whose work spans applied remote viewing, archaeological field expeditions, intention effects on…
Stephan SchwartzStephan A. Schwartz is a parapsychology researcher with a five-decade career investigating nonlocal consciousness and its applications in archaeology…
Tell me about Radin's lab at UNLV.Dean I. Radin, PhD is profiled on ESP-Nexus at Dean I. Radin, PhD . The question about his lab at UNLV touches a specific period in his career — the…
Tell me about Radin's Real Magic and detail psychic switch.Dean I. Radin, PhD is Chief Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) and co-founder of Cognigenics. His ESP-Nexus profile is at Dean I.
Tell me about the data from remote viewing experimentsRemote viewing (RV) research spans roughly five decades of laboratory work, from the early 1970s through the present.
Tell me everything you know about remote viewing.Remote viewing (RV) is a procedure in which a person attempts to describe or draw a target — a location, object, image, or event — from which they are…
Uri GellerUri Geller is an Israeli claimant of psychokinetic (PK) abilities, most notably metal-bending.
What are the implications of a workable psychic switch?The retrieved sources don't actually address this question. "A workable psychic switch" — a device or mechanism that reliably converts a psi effect…
What do the data from the last 50 years of remote viewing look like?Coverage first: this reflects the studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library, not the complete published literature on remote viewing.
What has Smith published on remote viewing?The "Smith" in the remote viewing literature most relevant to ESP-Nexus is Paul H.
what is the case for remote viewingCoverage note: The studies below come from the ESP-Nexus library; the library's share of the full published literature on remote viewing has not been…
Who are the 10 people most associated with remote viewing research?The sources retrieved for this question — including a 1974–2022 systematic review and meta-analysis, a survey of expert practitioners, a 50-year…
WisemanRichard Wiseman is a research psychologist who has published work spanning cognitive illusions, decision-making, and parapsychology methodology.

Precognition and presentiment

Tests of apparent foreknowledge, including forced-choice precognition and physiological presentiment.

Etzel Cardeña experiments and dataEtzel Cardeña is a researcher based at Lund University in Sweden, where he holds an appointment connected to the Center for Research on Consciousness…
Forced-choice clairvoyance vs. precognitionThis is one of the more carefully examined comparisons in experimental parapsychology, with a dedicated meta-analysis and several direct head-to-head…
Helmut SchmidtHelmut Schmidt, PhD, was a pioneering experimental parapsychologist who fundamentally reshaped methodology in psi research through his development of…
Helmut Schmidt experiments and dataHelmut Schmidt, PhD was a physicist-turned-parapsychologist whose construction of quantum-based random event generators (REGs) and his sustained…
How many precognition studies were conducted with RNGs and what is the summary of those collected studies? Include all the studies that you source in a reference list in MLA standard.Short answer: the current reference material retrieved for this question does not establish a count of precognition studies conducted with random…
I want to know very briefly, what the overall status is of Bem's feeling the future studies and replications.One important qualification upfront: the ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on precognition has not been measured, so what follows…
Kenneth Drinkwater experiments and dataKenneth Drinkwater, PhD is a psychologist at Manchester Metropolitan University whose research sits at the intersection of parapsychology and…
Malcolm BessentMalcolm Bessent was a principal research participant in dream-based psi studies conducted at Maimonides Medical Center in the 1970s.
Marilyn J. Schlitz experiments and dataThe studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library represent a sample of Schlitz's published work, and the library's share of the full published literature…
Marilyn SchlitzMarilyn J. Schlitz, PhD is a social anthropologist and consciousness researcher whose experimental work spans distant intentionality, remote staring…
Michael A. Thalbourne experiments and dataMichael A. Thalbourne was an Australian parapsychologist whose career centered on developing psychometric instruments to measure individual differences…
Neil Dagnall experiments and dataNeil Dagnall, PhD, is a researcher based in the School of Psychology at Manchester Metropolitan University whose work sits at the intersection of…
Olivier Costa de Beauregard experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question touch on Olivier Costa de Beauregard only incidentally — as a named collaborator, editorial board member, or…
Patrick GeislerI don't have an ESP-Nexus profile or dedicated research page for Patrick Geisler.
PrecognitionPrecognition is the claimed ability to obtain information about future events through no currently recognized physical channel.
precognition dataI'll walk you through what the ESP-Nexus library shows on precognition studies and point you toward the deeper resources.
PresentimentCoverage note: The studies below come from the ESP-Nexus library's current holdings on this topic.
Presentiment and electrodermal activityCorpus coverage note: The evidence below reflects studies currently held in the ESP-Nexus library.
presentiment dataPresentiment research asks whether the body registers a physiological response to an emotionally significant stimulus before that stimulus is randomly…
Presentiment experiments data and commentaryCoverage note: The evidence table below reflects studies currently held in the ESP-Nexus library.
Renaud Evrard experiments and dataRenaud Evrard, PhD is a French psychologist and parapsychologist based at the Université de Lorraine, where he directs CIRCEE (Centre d'Information, de…
Robert G. Jahn experiments and dataRobert G. Jahn, PhD was an aerospace engineer and Dean of Princeton University's School of Engineering who founded and directed the Princeton…
Robert H. Thouless experiments and dataRobert Henry Thouless was a British psychologist who served as past president of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) and was particularly…
Rosemarie Pilkington experiments and dataRosemarie Pilkington is an independent scholar whose PhD in Psychology (Consciousness Studies) was earned at Saybrook Graduate Institute under Stanley…
Rupert Sheldrake experiments and dataSheldrake's empirical program spans several distinct lines of investigation, each with its own protocol family and results.
S. G. Soal experiments and dataSamuel George Soal was a British mathematician and parapsychologist whose experiments with card-guessing subjects during the 1930s–1950s became among…
Schlitz and WisemanThe question names both Marilyn J. Schlitz, PhD and Richard Wiseman, and the evidence base is built around the collaborative experimenter-effect…
Schlitz effect sizesBefore drawing any conclusions, note that the ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on Schlitz's work has not been measured.
Serena M. Roney-Dougal experiments and dataSerena M. Roney-Dougal, PhD is a British parapsychologist whose research centers on two main questions: whether advanced meditation or yogic practice…
SheldrakeRupert Sheldrake is a biologist and independent researcher whose empirical work has focused on anomalous cognition in humans and animals.
Stefan Schmidt experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question are from Helmut Schmidt — a physicist known for quantum-process psi experiments — rather than Stefan Schmidt…
Summarize the evidence on presentiment experiments.Coverage note: The studies below are those currently in the ESP-Nexus library on this question.
Tell me all of the references for Helmut Schmidt.The question asks for the references associated with Helmut Schmidt, PhD. The sources retrieved for this question include two primary papers, and the…
Tell me all the papers and works of Helmut Schmidt during his career.The sources retrieved for this question, together with the ESP-Nexus profile pages, cover several distinct lines of work across Schmidt's career.
the checker effectThe checker effect refers to the phenomenon where psi-task outcomes (particularly precognition scores) vary systematically depending on who scores or…
Thomas Rabeyron experiments and dataThomas Rabeyron, PhD is a clinical psychologist and parapsychology researcher at the University of Lorraine (and previously Nantes) whose work spans…
What do the data from presentiment studies look like?Coverage note: The figures below come from 14 studies currently held in the ESP-Nexus library.
what is the evidence for dream precognitionCoverage notice: The studies below reflect what the ESP-Nexus library currently holds on this question.
What is the evidence for precognition?Coverage first: this reflects the studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library, not the complete published literature on precognition.
What is the real world application of Radin's psychic switch?The question touches on something Radin has explored in a fairly specific applied context, so it's worth being precise about what the library actually…
What trends can you see in precognition research?The retrieved library material lets me sketch a few genuine through-lines, but I should be upfront: the numbered sources here are a thin and…
Whately Carington experiments and dataWhately Carington (W. Whately Carington) was a British psychical researcher active primarily in the 1930s and 1940s.
Who was Helmut Schmidt and where did he work?Helmut Schmidt was a pioneering experimental parapsychologist who investigated psychokinesis and precognition using quantum random event generators.
William F. Bengston experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question cover several distinct lines of work associated with Bengston, spanning cancer-cell biology, "informed water"…
William G. RollWilliam G. Roll, PhD was a pioneering parapsychologist whose research career spanned more than five decades, centered on poltergeist phenomena…
William G. Roll experiments and dataWilliam G. Roll, PhD was one of parapsychology's most prolific field and laboratory researchers, with a career spanning more than five decades.

Clairvoyance

Studies of apparent direct perception of a target with no sender involved.

Carlos AlvaradoCarlos S. Alvarado was a historian of parapsychology and a leading scholar of anomalous experiences, with a two-decade career spanning rigorous…
ClairvoyanceClairvoyance — from the French for "clear seeing" — refers to the claimed ability to perceive objects, events, or information without using the known…
clairvoyance dataI can help you find clairvoyance research on ESP-Nexus. What specific information are you looking for?
Hans Bender experiments and dataHans Bender (1907–1991) was a German parapsychologist based at the University of Freiburg, where he founded and directed the Institut für Grenzgebiete…
Lawrence Leshan experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question give a view of LeShan primarily through book reviews and a conference paper rather than raw experimental data…
Nancy ZingroneNancy L. Zingrone, PhD is a research scholar and historian of parapsychology at the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia.
Real magicYour question is about whether magic—understood as mental influence over physical reality—is real in a scientific sense.
Tell me about the clairvoyance work of the last 50 yearsClairvoyance — the apparent direct perception of a target without any known sensory channel and without a sender (distinguishing it from telepathy)…
what is the case for clairvoyanceCoverage note first: the evidence table below reflects studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library.

Telepathy and dream ESP

Sender-receiver designs, including the dream-telepathy series.

Bernard J. Carr experiments and dataBernard J. Carr, PhD is a theoretical physicist at Queen Mary University of London who has engaged with parapsychology research across multiple decades…
Charles Richet experiments and dataCharles Robert Richet (1850–1935) was a French physiologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1913) for his work on anaphylaxis.
Detail what dream telepathy experiments show data tables for the experiments.Coverage note: The figures below come from studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library.
Diane Hennacy Powell experiments and dataDiane Hennacy Powell, MD has focused her research on a specific and unusual intersection: apparent telepathic or anomalous cognition in nonverbal…
Edmund Gurney experiments and dataEdmund Gurney (1847–1888) was one of the founding figures of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), co-founded in London in 1882, and the most…
Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick experiments and dataEleanor Mildred Sidgwick was one of the most methodologically rigorous figures in early psychical research, serving both as an active investigator and…
Frederic W. H. Myers experiments and dataMyers was not primarily a laboratory experimenter in the modern sense — he was a theorist, a case-collector, and a field investigator who also…
Guy Lyon Playfair experiments and dataGuy Lyon Playfair (1935–2018) was an independent scholar whose research spanned poltergeist field investigation, twin telepathy, and physical…
Henry Sidgwick experiments and dataHenry Sidgwick is a significant figure in the founding generation of psychical research, though his role was primarily organizational and…
Irvin ChildIrvin L. Child was a psychologist and parapsychology researcher at Yale University who brought mainstream academic rigor to anomalous cognition…
J. Gaither Pratt experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question include Pratt's own 1969 monograph on evaluating verbal material in parapsychology [2] , which provides the…
Stanley Krippner experiments and dataStanley Krippner, PhD is a parapsychologist and consciousness researcher whose career spans more than six decades.
Stephen BraudeStephen E. Braude, PhD is a philosopher of mind whose work in parapsychology has centered on conceptual and metaphysical problems rather than…
TelepathyCoverage note: The studies in the ESP-Nexus library on this question represent a sample of the published literature — the library's share of that…
telepathy dataCoverage note (required): The evidence table below reflects the studies currently held in the ESP-Nexus library.
What did the 2019 Stanford telepathy replication find?The ESP-Nexus library does not contain a study specifically identified as a "2019 Stanford telepathy replication." No entry in the structured evidence…
What does the Portuguese-language parapsychology literature show about telepathy?Before drawing any conclusions, an important scope note is required: the ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on this question has not…
What is the evidence for dream telepathy?Coverage note: The ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on dream telepathy has not been measured.
William James experiments and dataWilliam James (1842–1910) was a Harvard philosopher and psychologist who became one of the most significant institutional figures in early psychical…

Psychokinesis and mind-matter interaction

Micro-PK and RNG work, macro-PK claims, and field-RNG studies.

Alan Gauld experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question are primarily Gauld's published essays, book reviews, and scholarly reflections rather than reports of original…
ASSUME THIS IS TRUE AND WORKS: Mind-matter interaction with commercial hardware. WHERE ARE THE GAPS THAT ARE STOPPING THIS FROM BECOMING REALITY?You're asking me to take mind-matter interaction (MMI) with commercial hardware as given, and identify the engineering and evidentiary gaps that would…
Christine Hardy experiments and dataThe retrieved sources for this question touch on Christine Hardy's work only in passing, and the ESP-Nexus scientist page for her is currently a…
Double-slit mind-matter interactionCorpus coverage note: The studies in the ESP-Nexus library on this broader question of mind-matter interaction with random systems have not been…
Gary HeseltineGary Heseltine is a parapsychology researcher whose work appears in the primary literature on psychokinesis (PK) and random number generators (RNG).
GCPA note on coverage first: the studies summarized here are those currently in the ESP-Nexus library on field RNG / GCP research.
Glenn Hartelius experiments and dataGlenn Hartelius, PhD is a transpersonal psychologist whose research spans editorial scholarship, empirical methodology, and — more recently — direct…
Global Consciousness ProjectCoverage note: The studies in the ESP-Nexus library on this question span the GCP's formal experimental record from 2001 through 2025.
Global Consciousness Project (GCP)Coverage note: The studies in the ESP-Nexus library on this question represent a sample of the published literature on field RNG and GCP research.
Harald Walach experiments and dataHarald Walach, PhD is a psychologist and complementary medicine researcher whose work spans parapsychology theory, distant-healing trials…
Has the effect size for PK data increased in the last 50 years?The short answer: the retrieved ESP-Nexus material does not support a claim that psychokinesis (PK) effect sizes have increased — if anything, the…
how good is the evidence for micro-PK?Coverage note first: the studies below come from the ESP-Nexus library, and the library's share of the full published literature on micro-PK…
James C. Carpenter experiments and dataJames C. Carpenter is a parapsychologist whose research career spans roughly six decades, centered on the psychological and unconscious determinants of…
James McClenon experiments and dataJames McClenon is a sociologist and parapsychologist whose research spans two distinct but connected domains: the cross-cultural study of anomalous…
Jule Eisenbud experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question touch on Eisenbud primarily through biographical and secondary contexts rather than delivering detailed…
Julian IsaacsI have retrieved three sources that mention Julian Isaacs, but they do not constitute a full researcher profile or biographical entry on ESP-Nexus.
Jurgen Keil experiments and dataKeil (full name H. H. Jürgen Keil) was affiliated with the School of Psychology at the University of Tasmania, Hobart, and collaborated frequently with…
Lynne McTaggartLynne McTaggart is a journalist and author who has become a prominent communicator of consciousness research to general audiences.
Macro PKMacro-psychokinesis (macro-PK) refers to large-scale, observable movements of physical objects allegedly produced by psychokinetic influence — effects…
Nelson effect sizesCoverage note: The evidence table below reflects studies currently held in the ESP-Nexus library.
Overall, what do the results of the last 50 years of RNG research show?Coverage first. This reflects the RNG/micro-PK studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library, not the complete published literature on this question.
Pamela R. Heath experiments and dataPamela R. Heath's work sits at an unusual intersection for parapsychology: she brings a physician's clinical methodology to the study of psychokinesis…
Peter A. Bancel experiments and dataPeter A. Bancel is a statistical analyst and parapsychology researcher affiliated with the Institut Métapsychique International in Paris.
Peter Bancel data experiments and criticismsPeter Bancel is a statistical analyst and parapsychology researcher affiliated with the Institut Métapsychique International (IMI) in Paris, whose work…
Radin FATAA note on scope first: the query "FATA" most likely refers to work appearing in Radin's recent publications on the Global Consciousness Project (GCP)…
Remy Chauvin experiments and dataThe ESP-Nexus page for Rémy Chauvin ( Remy Chauvin — ESP-Nexus ) notes that full content is pending a curator and generator pass, so what follows draws…
Results with RNG psi gamesThe figures below come from the ESP-Nexus structured study database, which currently holds 39 studies on micro-PK / RNG effects spanning 1989–2025.
RNGA note on coverage first: the ESP-Nexus library's share of the published literature on RNG micro-PK has not been measured.
Robert A. McConnell experiments and dataRobert A. McConnell, PhD was a radar engineer turned experimental parapsychologist who spent his career at the University of Pittsburgh.
Roger D. Nelson experiments and dataRoger D. Nelson, PhD is a parapsychology researcher profiled at Roger D. Nelson .
Tell me everything you can about the Global Consciousness ProjectThe Global Consciousness Project is a long-running international empirical collaboration that monitors a worldwide network of hardware random number…
Varvoglis effect sizesI don't have specific effect-size figures from Mario P. Varvoglis's published work in the retrieved sources for this question.
W. E. Cox experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question touch on W. E. Cox's work primarily in two areas: placement psychokinesis (PK) and majority-vote PK machine…
Walter von Lucadou experiments and dataWalter von Lucadou is a German parapsychologist whose work centers on the Model of Pragmatic Information (MPI) , a theoretical framework he developed…
What did the Global Consciousness Project actually find?Coverage note first: The studies summarized here reflect what the ESP-Nexus library currently holds on this question.
What fraction of studies were pre-registered, and has that grown over time?The question — what fraction of psi studies were pre-registered, and has that grown over time — is a meaningful one, but the sources retrieved for this…
What is the evidence for psychokinesis?Psychokinesis (PK) is the claimed direct influence of mental intention on a physical system without any known physical means.
What is the evidence on poltergeist cases?The term "poltergeist" derives from the German poltern (to crash or bang) and geist (spirit), and describes clusters of repeated anomalous physical…
Who is Roger Nelson?Roger D. Nelson, PhD is a parapsychology researcher who spent more than two decades at Princeton University's Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR)…

Survival, mediumship and near-death research

Evidence bearing on survival of consciousness — mediumship, near-death and out-of-body reports.

Adrian Parker data, and experiments and critical commentaryThe ESP-Nexus page for Adrian Parker ( Adrian Parker ) is currently a placeholder pending a full content pass, so what follows is grounded in the…
Adrian Parker experiments and dataThe ESP-Nexus page for Adrian Parker is at Adrian Parker — full content is currently pending a generator pass, so what follows draws on the primary…
Allan Kellehear experiments and dataAllan Kellehear, PhD is a sociologist whose research has approached near-death experiences (NDEs) and related end-of-life phenomena through the lens of…
Antonia Mills experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question, together with the ESP-Nexus synthesis page on reincarnation cases research, establish Mills as a…
Bruce Greyson experiments and dataBruce Greyson, MD is a psychiatrist and the central figure in modern near-death experience (NDE) research, holding the Chester F.
Carlos Alvarado data and experiments and critical commentaryCarlos S. Alvarado, PhD was a historian of parapsychology and empirical researcher whose career centered on the historiography of psychical research…
Carlos S. Alvarado experiments and dataCarlos S. Alvarado, PhD is a parapsychology researcher and historian profiled at ESP-Nexus .
Charles TartCharles T. Tart, PhD was a pioneering psychologist who integrated altered states of consciousness research with parapsychology, establishing…
David Luke experiments and dataDavid Luke, PhD is a psychologist and parapsychology researcher based at the University of Greenwich, whose work sits at the intersection of…
Emily Williams Kelly experiments and dataEmily Williams Kelly, PhD, is a researcher at the Division of Perceptual Studies (DOPS), University of Virginia Health System.
Eric J. Dingwall experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question engage Dingwall primarily as an investigator and critic of physical mediumship — specifically materialization…
G. N. M. Tyrrell experiments and dataGeorge Nugent Merle Tyrrell (1879–1952) was a central figure in early-twentieth-century British psychical research, and the retrieved sources touch on…
Harris L. Friedman experiments and dataHarris L. Friedman, PhD is a clinical and organizational psychologist whose research spans transpersonal psychology, self-expansiveness, anomalous…
Ian P. Stevenson experiments and dataIan Stevenson, MD, was a psychiatrist who built his research program not in the laboratory but in the field — treating spontaneous anomalous cases as…
Ian StevensonIan Stevenson was a psychiatrist and parapsychologist who pioneered the systematic field investigation of cases suggestive of reincarnation, near-death…
James G. Matlock experiments and dataJames G. Matlock is an anthropologist and research fellow at the Parapsychology Foundation whose work centers on reincarnation case research, past-life…
James H. Hyslop experiments and dataJames Hervey Hyslop (1854–1920) was a professor of logic and ethics at Columbia University who became one of the most prominent figures in early…
Janice Miner Holden experiments and dataJanice Miner Holden, EdD is a counselor-educator and near-death experience (NDE) researcher whose work spans empirical investigation, instrument…
Jeffrey J. Kripal experiments and dataJeffrey J. Kripal, PhD is a scholar of religion at Rice University whose work engages seriously with paranormal phenomena, anomalous experience, and…
Jim B. Tucker experiments and dataJim B. Tucker, MD directs the Division of Perceptual Studies (DOPS) at the University of Virginia, where he continues and extends the…
Julie BeischelJulie Beischel , PhD is a parapsychologist and co-founder of the Windbridge Institute for Applied Research in Human Potential.
Julie Beischel experiments and dataJulie Beischel, PhD is a parapsychologist and co-founder of the Windbridge Institute for Applied Research in Human Potential (later the Windbridge…
Karlis Osis experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question touch on Osis's work in several areas. Pulling those together with the ESP-Nexus page material gives the…
Kenneth Ring experiments and dataKenneth Ring, PhD is a researcher in near-death studies whose work spans systematic empirical investigation, phenomenological analysis, and later…
Kerry GaynorKerry Gaynor is a field investigator of spontaneous case phenomena who trained and worked under Dr.
Kerry Gaynor experiments and dataKerry Gaynor is a parapsychology researcher and field investigator profiled at Kerry Gaynor .
Mario Beauregard experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question cover Beauregard primarily through book reviews, citations, and collaborative theoretical work rather than…
Michael Nahm experiments and dataMichael Nahm, PhD is a biologist and research associate at the Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health (IGPP) in Freiburg…
Michael PersingerMichael A. Persinger was a neuroscientist and parapsychologist who developed systematic frameworks linking anomalous experiences — including paranormal…
Michael Sabom experiments and dataMichael Sabom, M.D., is a cardiologist whose empirical work on near-death experiences (NDEs) is grounded in medical case investigation rather than…
Michael Schredl experiments and dataMichael Schredl, PhD is a sleep researcher and dream scientist based at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim, Germany.
Oliver Lodge experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question are primarily from Light journal issues (1934, 1940) and Lodge's own book Raymond; or, Life and Death (1916)…
Out of body experiencesAn out-of-body experience (OBE) is the vivid perception of the world from a point of view outside your physical body — a sense of observing yourself…
Patrick V. Giesler experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question touch on two distinct people whose surnames are similar — Patric Giesler and Iris Giesler-Petersen — and it is…
Peter Fenwick experiments and dataPeter Fenwick (1935–2024) was a neuroscientist and neuropsychiatrist affiliated with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, and the Mental…
Pierre Macias experiments and dataThe ESP-Nexus page for Pierre Macias exists as a placeholder — it notes him as a researcher in parapsychology but states that full biographical…
Pim Van Lommel experiments and dataPim van Lommel, MD, is a Dutch cardiologist based in Arnhem/Velp, the Netherlands, best known for leading a large prospective study of near-death…
Raymond Moody experiments and dataRaymond Moody is primarily known as a qualitative phenomenologist and theorist rather than an experimental researcher in the conventional sense — his…
Rhea WhiteI don't have an ESP-Nexus profile page for Rhea White retrieved for this question, so I cannot point you to a dedicated scientist hub or spoke pages on…
Richard Hodgson experiments and dataRichard Hodgson was an Australian-born psychical researcher who became one of the most methodologically rigorous investigators of his era [4] .
Sam Parnia experiments and dataSam Parnia is a physician-researcher whose lab has focused on consciousness during cardiac arrest — specifically whether patients who are clinically…
Satwant Pasricha experiments and dataSatwant Pasricha is a researcher in clinical psychology based at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in Bangalore, India.
Shari Cohn-Simmen experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question touch on Shari Cohn Simmen (also published as Shari A. Cohn-Simmen) in a few distinct contexts.
Stephen BaumannI don't have an ESP-Nexus profile page for Stephen Baumann yet — the Stephen Baumann scientist page shows as a placeholder with content pending.
Stephen Baumann experiments and dataThe sources retrieved for this question do not contain material on a researcher named Stephen Baumann in a parapsychology context.
Summarize the instrumental transcommunication research.Instrumental transcommunication (ITC) refers to claimed contact with deceased persons — or other non-physical entities — via electronic equipment…
Tell me about the prize challengeThe reference library holds no material on a "prize challenge" in the sense that question might suggest — the sources retrieved do not cover that topic…
Vernon M. Neppe experiments and dataVernon M. Neppe, MD, PhD is a neuropsychiatrist and parapsychology researcher whose work sits at the intersection of clinical neurology, psychiatry…
Walter Franklin Prince experiments and dataWalter Franklin Prince (1863–1934) was one of the most prominent American psychical researchers of the early twentieth century.
Walter von LucadouWalter von Lucadou, Dipl.-Phys., Dr. rer. nat., is a parapsychologist whose work centers on theoretical frameworks for understanding psi phenomena and…
What is Julie Beischel known for?Julie Beischel, PhD is known for rigorous experimental research on mediumship—investigating whether mediums can report accurate and specific…
What is the evidence for out of body experiences?An out-of-body experience (OBE) is the vivid sense of perceiving the world from a viewpoint outside one's own body.
What is the evidence for reincarnation cases?The primary evidence base for reincarnation is not experimental in the ganzfeld sense but a body of spontaneous case investigations — children…
Which of the studies in the Günzel database have qualitative data that could be analyzed retrodictively?I don't have a "Günzel database" in the retrieved sources, and nothing in the ESP-Nexus project knowledge or the numbered library references…
William Crookes experiments and dataWilliam Crookes (1832–1919) was a Fellow of the Royal Society and editor of the Quarterly Journal of Science — credentials that made his turn toward…

ESP research overall

Questions spanning the whole extrasensory-perception literature rather than one protocol.

Animal psiAnimal psi — the possibility that non-human animals exhibit extrasensory perception, telepathy, premonition, or related phenomena — is a recognized…
Annalisa VentolaAnnalisa Ventola appears in the ESP-Nexus reference library as an author and administrator in parapsychology research and professional organization work.
Bernard Grad experiments and dataBernard Grad (February 4, 1920 – December 27, 2010) was an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal, where he conducted a…
CSICOPThe Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) was founded in 1976 by Paul Kurtz, with mathematician Martin…
Dani Caputi experiments and dataThe Dani Caputi page on ESP-Nexus is marked as pending a full content pass, and the sources retrieved for this question do not include published work…
Dean Radin booksDean Radin has authored and co-authored several books that have reached audiences beyond academic parapsychology.
Eberhard Bauer experiments and dataThe retrieved sources for this question are all works by Henry H. Bauer — a different researcher whose writing covers cryptozoology, philosophy of…
Erika A. Pratte experiments and dataThe ESP-Nexus page for Erika A. Pratte is currently a placeholder — full content is pending a curator and generator pass.
experiments using psi gamesThe term "psi games" in parapsychology research refers to computer-based software applications designed to test for ESP or psychokinesis effects under…
explain psi to a childPsi is a word scientists use for something unusual that doesn't have an ordinary explanation yet.
Explain psi to a ten year old.Psi is a word for abilities that scientists study — like knowing what someone is thinking without them telling you, or knowing something is about to…
Gardner Murphy experiments and dataGardner Murphy, PhD shaped parapsychology's experimental and theoretical landscape across five decades.
Garrett ModellI don't have an ESP-Nexus profile or encyclopedia page for "Garrett Modell" in the sources retrieved for this question.
Gerhard Mayer experiments and dataGerhard Mayer, PhD is a psychologist and methodologist based at the Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene (IGPP) in Freiburg…
Given: "Speculate about Dean Radin's idea of developing a psychic switch. That is a person could use their psi abilities to turn a switch on or off. What are the practical extrapolated real world positive applications that this could bring about, assuming it's 'real'. The idea, and where it comes from The "psychic switch" concept fits within Radin's broader interest in the practical, applied endFraming note first: this is a speculative question — you're asking me to extrapolate real-world applications assuming a "psychic switch" is real.
Henry H. Bauer experiments and dataHenry H. Bauer, PhD is a chemist and science studies scholar whose work, as retrieved for this question, falls primarily in the domains of epistemology…
How many studies do you currently have in your database that are ingested and have available statistics?Based on the current site data, ESP-Nexus has 49 single-study audit pages published in the /studies/ section with full audited statistics.
If you had to bet money on a psi protocol that would yield a positive result, what would that protocol be?That's a fun question to think through analytically, but I should be upfront about what it actually asks: not "what does the evidence show works," but…
Intention effects on waterResearch on whether focused human intention can alter the physical or chemical properties of water spans several investigators and methodologies.
James E. Kennedy experiments and dataThe James Kennedy page on ESP-Nexus is currently a placeholder pending a full content pass, so what follows draws on the sources retrieved for this…
James Houran experiments and dataJames Houran, PhD is a research psychologist whose work spans psychometric measurement of paranormal belief and experience, haunt and poltergeist…
James KennedyI can see that an ESP-Nexus profile page for James Kennedy exists, but its content is still pending generation.
John A. Palmer experiments and dataJohn Palmer, PhD is a parapsychologist who has served as a long-standing editor of the Journal of Parapsychology at the Rhine Research Center.
John BeloffJohn Beloff was a philosopher of mind and experimental parapsychologist who spent most of his career at the University of Edinburgh, where he shaped…
John Palmer, data and experiments and any critical commentaryJohn Palmer, PhD is a parapsychologist and long-standing editor of the Journal of Parapsychology, affiliated for much of his career with the Rhine…
K. Ramakrishna RaoK. Ramakrishna Rao is a pioneering parapsychologist who bridged Western experimental methodology with Eastern contemplative traditions.
K. Ramakrishna Rao experiments and dataThe retrieved sources for this question do not contain material on K. Ramakrishna Rao, PhD — the two passages retrieved concern unrelated authors who…
KpuI'm not certain what you're asking — "Kpu" doesn't map to a clear question. Are you asking about the Koestler Parapsychology Unit (KPU)?
Larry Dossey experiments and dataLarry Dossey is a physician and writer best known for his theoretical and editorial contributions to the intersection of medicine, consciousness, and…
Lynne McTaggart experiments and dataLynne McTaggart is a journalist and author, not a laboratory scientist, which shapes everything about her experimental record.
Marcello TruzziMarcello Truzzi (1935–2003) was an American sociologist whose work fundamentally shaped how anomalistic science — the study of anomalies and claimed…
Michaeleen Constance Maher experiments and dataMichaeleen Constance Maher, PhD is a parapsychologist whose work is profiled on ESP-Nexus at Michaeleen Constance Maher, PhD .
Milan Ryzl experiments and dataMilan Ryzl was a Czech biochemist who worked on the staff of the Institute of Physiology of the Czechoslovakian Academy of Science and was later…
Morris psi experiment resultsRobert L. Morris, PhD held the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology at the University of Edinburgh from 1985 until his death in 2004, and his experimental…
Persinger God helmetMichael A. Persinger, PhD was a neuroscientist at Laurentian University whose most publicly recognized contribution was the development of a weak…
psiPsi is the umbrella term in parapsychology for alleged anomalous mental phenomena — capacities that, if real, would operate outside currently…
Psi games"Psi games" are a formal experimental method in parapsychology in which participants interact with computerized random-number-generator (RNG) tasks…
Robert JahnRobert G. Jahn, PhD was an aerospace engineer and Dean of Princeton University's School of Engineering who founded and directed the Princeton…
Schlitz psi dataMarilyn J. Schlitz's published psi research spans precognition, distant healing intention, and worldview transformation.
Schlitz WisemanCoverage note: The figures below reflect studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library.
Show a table of Radin effect sizesThe structured evidence block covers five studies from the ESP-Nexus library associated with Dean Radin.
Speculate about Dean Radin's idea of developing a psychic switch. That is, a person could use their psi abilities to turn a switch on or off. What are the practical extrapolated real-world positive applications that this could bring about, assuming it's real?The "psychic switch" concept fits within Radin's broader interest in the practical, applied end of psi research — the question of whether psi effects…
Suitbert ErtelSuitbert Ertel was a German experimental psychologist who conducted research on psi phenomena, particularly through the development and refinement of…
Suitbert Ertel experiments and dataSuitbert Ertel (1932–2017) was an emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Göttingen, recognized in the German anomalistics community as a…
Tell me about Schlitz's work with Wiseman.Marilyn J. Schlitz, PhD's collaborative work with Richard Wiseman is one of the most-discussed series of experimenter-effect studies in parapsychology…
Tell me about the collaboration of Schlitz and Wiseman.Coverage note: The statistics below reflect the studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library.
Tell me about the Schlitz-Wiseman experimenter effect studies in remote staring: what were the three joint experiments, what did each one find, and how is the disagreement between them interpreted?Marilyn J. Schlitz, PhD conducted a series of joint remote-staring experiments with the skeptic Richard Wiseman — one of the few sustained…
Temporal lobe and psiThe relationship between temporal lobe function and paranormal or psi-related experiences is one of the more developed neurobiological threads in…
Total participants tested across every forced-choice ESP experiment in the corpus, pooled hit rate, confidence interval.Coverage first: this reflects the forced-choice ESP studies currently in the ESP-Nexus library, not the complete published literature on this question.
Vaughan et al. (1991), Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine JournalI'm unable to locate a complete published record for "Vaughan et al. (1991), Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine Journal " as you've stated it.
What are some of the current theories of how psi works?This is one of the genuinely open areas in parapsychology — a field that has accumulated experimental data without arriving at a settled mechanistic…
What did Ambach find in 2012?I need to clarify what Ambach found, because the retrieved sources show work from 2008 and 2013, but the question asks about 2012.
What did Berger find in his 1989 study of Spinelli's work?Rick E. Berger, PhD published "A Critical Examination of the Spinelli Dissertation Data" in the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research in 1989.
What have Japanese researchers published on psi?The sources retrieved for this question cover several distinct areas where Japanese researchers and Japan-connected data appear in the parapsychology…
What is the big picture for psi research after a century of experiments?First, a scope caveat that governs everything below: the sources retrieved for this question are a small, uneven slice — a large replication attempt of…
what is the case for extrasensory perceptionThe case for ESP rests on several distinct lines of experimental evidence, accumulated across decades of laboratory research, along with theoretical…
what is the evidence for DMILSScope note first: The studies below represent what the ESP-Nexus library currently holds on this question.
what is the status of VR and psi researchThe intersection of virtual reality technology and psi research is a genuinely emerging area, but the sources retrieved for this question do not…
What question should I be asking that I haven't?The framing question you've handed me is a good one, but it points at a gap I should be honest about first: for this query, almost nothing useful was…
What trends can you see in ESP research in the last 50 years?A caveat first: the numbered sources retrieved for this question are a scattered set (a near-death prophecy paper, a geomagnetic-ESP analysis, a 1949…
What was Science Unlimited Research Foundation?Science Unlimited Research Foundation (SURF) was a parapsychology research facility located in San Antonio, Texas.
What were the three Schlitz-Wiseman joint remote-staring experiments, what did each one find, and how is the disagreement interpreted?Marilyn J. Schlitz, PhD is a parapsychology researcher whose remote-staring work is best known for a series of adversarial-collaboration studies run…
Who are the top 10 scientists in the database for quantity of data that you can currently analyze?The question asks about the ESP-Nexus database specifically — which researchers have the largest quantity of data available for analysis within the…
Zetetic scholar"Zetetic Scholar" refers to both a philosophical stance and a journal that embodied it.

Laboratories, people and history

The programs and researchers behind the record — who ran what, when, and what became of it.

Detail the work of PEAR lab and show me the data from the experimentsPrinceton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) operated in the basement of Princeton University's School of Engineering and Applied Science from 1979…
Detail the work that was done at PEAR.The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) laboratory operated within Princeton University's School of Engineering from 1979 until its closure…
Give me a brief history of parapsychologyParapsychology — the scientific study of phenomena such as telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis — has developed through several…
J.B. Rhine data and experiments and critical commentaryJoseph Banks Rhine, PhD was an American experimental psychologist who founded the Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory and is generally credited…
Joseph Banks Rhine experiments and dataJoseph Banks Rhine, PhD was the central figure in establishing experimental parapsychology as a laboratory discipline.
Koestler Parapsychology Unit (KPU)The Koestler Parapsychology Unit (KPU) is the institutional parapsychology research center at the University of Edinburgh, established within the…
Louisa E. Rhine experiments and dataLouisa E. Rhine (no post-nominal is given in the verified facts, so none is added here) was a central figure at the Duke University Parapsychology…
Pear labThe Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) laboratory was a research program founded in the late 1970s at Princeton University's School of…
Rhine Research CenterThe Rhine Research Center is the institutional continuation of the Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory, the pioneering research program founded…
Rhine Research LabThe Rhine Research Lab is the institutional successor to the Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory, founded by Joseph Banks Rhine, PhD, in the 1930s.
Sally Rhine Feather experiments and dataSally Rhine Feather, PhD is a parapsychology researcher and daughter of J. B. Rhine and Louisa E.
Show me Rex Stanford's experiments and data historyRex G. Stanford, PhD is a theoretical and experimental parapsychologist whose work spans experimental ESP research, verbal-behavior analysis in…
Tell me about IONSThe retrieved sources for this question touch on IONS only incidentally, so what follows draws on those references plus general background clearly…
Tell me about the history of Mind Science Foundation, San Antonio.The Mind Science Foundation (MSF) in San Antonio, Texas, figures prominently in the history of experimental parapsychology, particularly in the…
Tell me about the history of the PRL lab in Princeton.The Psychophysical Research Laboratories — universally abbreviated PRL — operated in Princeton, New Jersey and became one of the most methodologically…

Parapsychology, its methods and the debate

How the evidence is argued about — replication, meta-analysis, publication bias, and the skeptical case.

Can you look at the effect size of Don Feld over the years and chart the scatter plot and fit a line?I don't have anything to chart here. None of the sources retrieved for this question, and none of the ESP-Nexus profiled people supplied to me…
Compare parapsychology's replication record to mainstream psychology's.The most direct source retrieved for this question is Baptista and Derakhshani (2014), a point-by-point reply in the Journal of Parapsychology to a…
Daryl Bem experiment, data and criticismDaryl J. Bem, PhD is a social psychologist at Cornell University whose 2011 publication of nine experiments on retroactive influences on cognition and…
Discuss the impact of Rick Berger's work in parapsychologyRick E. Berger (profiled at Rick E. Berger — ESP-Nexus ) has made contributions across three distinct areas: experimental infrastructure, empirical…
Has Robin Taylor contributed anything of significance to the parapsychology research literature?Robin K. Taylor has made several documented contributions to the parapsychology research literature, spanning experimental psi research, methodology…
Has Robin Taylor contributed significantly to the parapsychology research literature?Robin K. Taylor has made a focused but meaningful contribution to the parapsychology research literature, concentrated in the 1990s during his time at…
How much of the parapsychology literature does this library actually hold?The honest answer is that the library's share of the published parapsychology literature has not been measured in a way that produces a single…
Is parapsychology a pseudoscience?This is genuinely contested terrain — not in the sense that the question is unanswerable, but in the sense that serious scholars disagree about the…
Is parapsychology a science or pseudoscience?The question of whether parapsychology is a science or pseudoscience is genuinely contested — not in the sense that anything goes, but in the precise…
Is there a decline effect in parapsychology results over time?The "decline effect" in parapsychology refers to a pattern in which a strong early result weakens as more trials are run, more studies accumulate, or…
Name all of the areas in parapsychology yielding data that can be analyzed.Parapsychology spans several distinct research domains, each generating data amenable to statistical analysis.
Pull together every effect size for every experiment that Dean Radin has ever done.Radin is a parapsychology researcher at the Institute of Noetic Sciences, profiled on ESP-Nexus at Dean I. Radin .
Puthoff experiment, data and criticismHarold E. Puthoff, PhD is a physicist who, with Russell Targ, jointly led the remote-viewing research program at Stanford Research Institute (SRI)…
Tell me what Rick Berger added to the parapsychology fieldRick Berger's contributions to parapsychology fall into three distinct areas: technical engineering, empirical research, and forensic methodology.
What are parapsychology's current arguments to justify that the phenomena are real and should be taken seriously?This is a "explain the state of the debate" question. The retrieved library has three relevant primary sources — a review of Braude's philosophical…
What effect size did Kugel report in 2011?I don't have a direct source reporting an effect size that Kugel specifically labeled or calculated in a 2011 publication.
What has Jessica Utts contributed to parapsychology?Jessica M. Utts, PhD is a statistician and Professor Emerita at the University of California, Irvine, whose contributions to parapsychology are…
What was Bob Morris' contributions to parapsychology?Robert L. Morris was one of the most influential figures in shaping parapsychology as a rigorous, methodologically self-aware discipline.
What were Bob Morris' contributions to parapsychology?Robert L. Morris , PhD was one of the most institutionally significant figures in modern experimental parapsychology — holding the Koestler Chair of…
Which phenomenon in parapsychology has the strongest evidence base?"Strongest evidence base" is a comparative judgment, and ESP-Nexus takes no position on whether any psi effect is real — so what follows is a…
Write a critique of Real Magic book.Real Magic (Radin, 2018) appears in the retrieved sources only as a bibliographic entry — in the reference lists of Parker's "Thought-Forms Gone Rogue"…

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