Discovery Lab Answers

I don’t have a direct source reporting an effect size that Kugel specifically labeled or calculated in a 2011 publication.

Kugel’s 2011 paper in the Journal of Scientific Exploration ^[3] is a critical methodological analysis of psychokinesis meta-analyses — it examines and disputes the effect-size calculations reported by other researchers (Radin, Nelson, Bösch, Steinkamp, and Boller) in their PK meta-analyses, but the paper itself is a critique of those analyses rather than a report of Kugel’s own experimental result with an effect size.

If you’re asking about a specific finding or effect size Kugel reported in 2011, the retrieved sources don’t show it. The sources do include Kugel’s 2018 roulette-based precognition work ^[1], which reported a z-score of +3.27 (p = 0.0006) for the program’s prognosis module, and his earlier roulette studies from the 1990s ^[6], but not a 2011 effect-size figure.

Could you clarify which study or result you’re asking about? If you can point me to the specific claim or context, I may be able to locate the right source.